Threat Classification
The following classifications were used to define threats
for listed species. Taken from: Lawler, J.J. et. al. 2002. The scope and
treatment of threats in endangered species recovery plans. Ecological
Applications 12(3):663-667.
Resource Use
timber, ore, oil and gas,
grazing, fishing and hunting, collection, other resource use
Exotic Species
competition, predation,
parasitism, pathogens, disease vector, habitat modification, other effects
of exotic species
Construction
commercial, urban/suburban,
rural, utilities, roads, other construction
Altered Habitat Dynamics
successional change, fire
regimes, hydrodynamic regimes, agricultural regimes, other altered habitat
dynamics
Agriculture
dryland herbaceous, irrigated
herbaceous, dryland woody plants, irrigated woody plants, silviculture,
aquaculture, other agriculture
Species Interaction (non-exotics)
competition, predation,
parasitism, prey, pathogen, other species interactions
Pollution
water point souces, water
nonpoint source, air point sources, air nonpoint source, deposition, solid
waste, toxins, acid precipitation, other pollution
Water Diversions
dams, irrigation, flood
control, groundwater extraction, wetland fill, dredging, other water diversions
Other Factors
inbreeding depression,
climate change, weather extremes, catastrophes, all other threats
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