MRSP MAP Description MRSP MAP Recovery Actions

Threat Classification

The following classifications were used to define threats for listed species. Taken from: Lawler, J.J. et. al. 2002. The scope and treatment of threats in endangered species recovery plans. Ecological Applications 12(3):663-667.

Resource Use
timber, ore, oil and gas, grazing, fishing and hunting, collection, other resource use

Exotic Species
competition, predation, parasitism, pathogens, disease vector, habitat modification, other effects of exotic species

Construction
commercial, urban/suburban, rural, utilities, roads, other construction

Altered Habitat Dynamics
successional change, fire regimes, hydrodynamic regimes, agricultural regimes, other altered habitat dynamics

Agriculture
dryland herbaceous, irrigated herbaceous, dryland woody plants, irrigated woody plants, silviculture, aquaculture, other agriculture

Species Interaction (non-exotics)
competition, predation, parasitism, prey, pathogen, other species interactions

Pollution
water point souces, water nonpoint source, air point sources, air nonpoint source, deposition, solid waste, toxins, acid precipitation, other pollution

Water Diversions
dams, irrigation, flood control, groundwater extraction, wetland fill, dredging, other water diversions

Other Factors
inbreeding depression, climate change, weather extremes, catastrophes, all other threats